Sunday, September 8, 2024

 Twelve Jyotirlingas: Sacred Pilgrimage Sites of Lord Shiva

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 Twelve Jyotirlingas: Sacred Pilgrimage Sites of Lord Shiva

Jyotirlingas hold immense significance in Hinduism as they are believed to be embodiments of Lord Shiva’s divine power and light. The word “Jyotirlinga” combines “Jyoti” meaning light or radiance, and “linga” representing the symbol or mark of Lord Shiva. The significance of Jyotirlingas extends beyond their physical presence; they are revered as symbols of the supreme energy of Lord Shiva, capable of removing sins and granting spiritual fulfillment to those who worship them with devotion.

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There are twelve Jyotirlingas scattered across India, each considered sacred pilgrimage sites where million of devotees seek blessings and spiritual purification.

1.Somnath :- The Somnath temple  located along the coastline in Prabhas Patan, Veraval, Saurashtra region of Gujarat, is believed to be the first among the twelve Jyotirlingas of Lord Shiva. It is one of the most sacred pilgrimage sites .The name “Somnath” literally means “Lord of the Moon” (Soma means moon, Natha means lord), indicating its ancient connection to the moon god Chandra.

Legends :- According to Hindu legends It is said that the Moon god Chandra was cursed by his father-in-law Daksha to wane.  Chandra came to Somnath for penance and worshipped Lord Shiva. Pleased with his devotion, Lord Shiva appeared before Chandra and blessed him. As a result, Chandra regained his full form and his brightness, which earned Lord Shiva the name Somnath.

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Best time to visit: The temple can be visited any time through out the year but the best time to visit is between October to February, and during Shivratri which is celebrated with great fervour. The Somnath temple is well connected with roads. It is about 400 kilometres  southwest of Ahmedabad, 82 kilometres  south of Junagadh. It is about 7 kilometres  southeast of the Veraval railway junction, about 130 kilometres  southeast of the Porbandar airport and about 85 kilometres  west of the Diu airport.

  1. 2. Nageshwar:- Nageshwar Jyotirlinga (self-manifested shivalinga) one of the 12 jyotirlinga shrines mentioned in the Shiva Purana is located in Dwaraka region of The red building lies at a short distance from the town Dwarka. At the end of a large hall is the main sanctum with the shivalinga.

Legends:- Legend goes that it was here that a demon called Daaruka imprisoned a Shiva devotee called Supriya. The chants of ‘Om Namaha Shivay’ by Supriya invoked Lord Shiva who arrived here and vanquished the demon. A self-manifested Shivalinga appeared here and is prayed to this date.Close to the temple is another important spiritual spot called Gopi Talav Tirth, a lake that is connected to the legends of gopis visiting Lord Krishna and eventually offering their lives to merge with the soil here.

 Best time to visit: The temple can be visited any time through out the year but the best time to visit is between October to February, and during Shivratri which is celebrated with great fervour.

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  1. Mahakaleshwar:- Mahakal, Ujjain in Madhya Pradesh is home to the Mahakaleshwar Jyotirlinga temple. The Lingam at Mahakal is believed to be Swayambhu, the only one of the 12 jyotirlingams to be so. It is also the only one facing south and also the temple to have a Shree Rudra Yantra perched upside down at the ceiling of the Garbhagriha (where the Shiv Lingam sits). It is a place where Shakti Peetha and jyotirlingam are together.

 Legend :- Legends suggest that Lord Shiva himself chose to reside in the form of the “Mahakaleshwar Jyotirlinga” (lingam of light) at Ujjain to bless his devotees. The lingam is known as “Swayambhu,” which means self-manifested, underscoring its divine nature. The temple is three-storeyed. In the lowest middle and uppermost parts are respectively installed the lingams of Mahakalesvara, Omkaresvara and Nagachandresvara. The pilgrims and the visitors can only have the glimpse of Nagachandresvara on the festive of Naga Panchami. A very large-sized Kunda named Koti Tirtha also exists in the temple-complex. In the east of the Kunda is a large-sized Veranda in which there is the entrance to the path leading to the garbhagrha. In the northern side of the verandah, in a cell, the images of Sri Rama and goddess Avantika are worshipped. In the southern side of the main shrine, there stand many small Saivite temples among these the temple of Vrddha Mahakalesvara, Anadi Kalpesvara and Saptarshi are prominent.

Best time to visit: The temple can be visited any time throughout the year. Ujjain is directly connected by road to Indore, Surat, Gwaliar, Pune, Mumbai, Ahmedabad, Jaipur, Udaypur, Nasik, Mathura. Ujjain is directly connected by railway line also Nearest airport is Indore (53 K.m.).

  1. 4. Omkareshwar:- Omkareshwar Jyotirlinga of Lord Shiva is situated on the banks of river Narmada in Madhya Pradesh at a distance of 77 km from Indore and 13 km from Mortakka. Here the river Narmada divides into two parts and forms an island called Mandhata or Shivpuri. This island is about 4 km long and 2 km wide. The shape of this island is similar to the visual pattern of Om.
Legend:-Omkareshwar is the fourth among the twelve Jyotirlingas of Lord Shiva. Omkar was first uttered from the mouth of the creator Brahma. The recitation of Vedas also does not begin without Om. The Jyotirlinga of the same Omkar form is Shri Omkareshwar, that is, here Lord Shiva has appeared in the form of Omkar. There are a total of 68 pilgrimages in Omkareshwar. There are 108 powerful Shivlingas here in divine form. Shri Omkareshwar Jyotirlinga is the gigantic form of Mother Narmada, which spreads 84 yojanas. And it is the only Jyotirlinga which is situated on the northern bank of Narmada. Lord Shiva comes here to rest after visiting all the three worlds every day. Therefore, special sleeping arrangements and aarti of Lord Shiva are done here every day and sleeping darshan is done.

According to the Puranas, Vindhya Parvat worshipped and meditated upon Lord Shiva in the form of Parthiv Linga and Lord Shiva appeared and blessed them and appeared in the form of Pranava Linga. It is also said that after the prayers of the Gods, the Shivling split into two parts and one part was called Omkareshwar and the other part Mamleshwar. It is said that Jyoti Linga is located in Omkareshwar and Parthiv Linga is located in Amareshwar/Mamleshwar. According to another story, King Mandhata of the Ikshvaku dynasty performed rigorous penance here, then Lord Shiva blessed him and appeared here, since then Lord is present in Omkareshwar.Mamleshwar shivling is situated near by .It is said that the darshan to omkara shivling is incomplete without visit to mamleshwar Shivling.

 

Best time to visit:- The temple can be visited any time throughout the year It is 77 km away from Indore, the main city of Madhya Pradesh and can be reached by bus shared taxi .The nearest airport is Indore

5. Mallikarjuna. Sri Bhramaramba Mallikarjuna Temple or Srisailam Temple is a Hindu temple dedicated to the deities Shiva and Parvati, located at Srisailam  Andhra Pradesh. Mallikārjuna, also called Śrīśaila, is located on a mountain in Kurnool District in Rayalaseema.  It is significant to the Hindu sects of both Shaivism and Shaktism as this temple is referred to as one of the twelve Jyotirlingas of Shiva and as one of the eighteen Shakti Pithas, centres of the Hindu Goddess. Shiva is worshiped as Mallikarjuna, and is represented by the lingam while  Parvati is worshipped as Bhramaramba. The name “Mallikarjuna” is derived from “Mallika” (Parvati) and “Arjuna” (Shiva), referring to a legend associated with its origin:

Legend of Mallika and Arjuna: According to mythology, once lord Shiva and Goddess Parvati threw challenge before their son Ganesh and Kartikey that who so ever will first complete the round of universe first will be worshipped in the world. Kartikeya  immediately went on to complete the round to the universe while Ganesh  completed circle around his parents stating that his parents are his universe.  Ganesha was declared winner by his parents. Kartikeya on his return was enraged and went away to stay alone on Mount Krauncha in Palani in the name of Kumara brahmachari.  lord Shiva and Goddess Parvati went to pacify him  On seeing his father coming over to pacify him, he tried to move to another place, but on the request of the Devas, stayed close by. The place where Shiva and Parvati stayed came to be known as Srisailam. It is a place where Shakti Peetha and jyotirlingam are together.

Best time to visit :-The place can be visited anytime during the year. Nearest airport is Hyderabad airport Upon arriving at Hyderabad airport, one can hire a taxi or use other local transportation to reach the MGBS Bus Station (Mahatma Gandhi Bus Station. Multiple buses operate from MGBS Bus Station to Srisailam. The journey takes around 5-6 hours, covering approximately 250 kilometers.Markapur  Railway Station is the nearest railway station to Mallikarjuna Jyotirlinga, situated about 85 kilometers away.

6. Baidyanath Temple :-Baidyanath Temple also known as Baba Baidyanath Dham, is one among the twelve Jyotirlingas. It  is located in Deoghar, in the Santhal Parganas division of the Indian state of Jharkhand. The temple complex comprises the central shrine of Baba Baidyanath along with 21 additional temples

Legend:-According to the legends, Ravana was performing penance in the Himalayan region to appease Shiva. He offered nine of his heads as an offering to Shiva. As he was about to sacrifice his tenth head, Shiva appeared before him and asked for a boon. Ravana expressed his desire to take Shiva from Kailash to Lanka( Kamna Linga) Shiva agreed to Ravana’s request but with a condition that  if the lingam was placed en route, it would become the permanent abode of the deity and could never be moved. Ravana departed for Lanka with the lingam. On the way in the vicinity of Deoghar  he  felt urgent need to urinate. He started looking for someone whom he could hand over the Shivlinga and release himself from pressure. The story states that Lord Vishnu took the form of a Shepherd named Baiju Gadariya and appeared before Ravana. Ravana handed over the linga to shepherd and went for urinating Ravana took a very long time to relieve himself so Baiju got angry and positioned the lingam on the ground and left the place. Upon returning, Ravana attempted to pick up the lingam, but was unsuccessful in his endeavor. Ravana became upset and after realizing that this was the doing of Lord Vishnu, he proceeded to press his thumb onto the lingam before departing which partially damaged the Shiv Lingam. The Shiva lingam was then worshipped by Brahma, Vishnu, and other deities and they constructed the Baidyanath Temple. Since then, Mahadev has taken up residence in Deoghar as the embodiment of the Kamna Linga

Best time to visit: The temple can be visited any time throughout the year but the best time to visit is between October to February. Baidyanath Dham is well-connected by road.Nearest cities are Patna and Ranchi. Deoghar has its own railway station, Baidyanathdham Deoghar Railway Station The nearest airport to Baidyanath Dham is Birsa Munda Airport  in Ranchi.

7. Kedarnath:- Kedarnath in Uttarakhand is revered as the northernmost and the closest jyotirlinga to Lord Shiva’s eternal abode of Mount Kailash.  Kedarnath, nestled in the snow-clad Himalayas, is an ancient shrine, rich in legend and tradition. This temple is the highest among the 12 Jyotirlingas. Beside being one among twelve jyotirlinga, it is also considered as one of the Char Dham pilgrimage sites.

Legend:-A folk legend about  Kedarnath relates to the Pandavas. According to Hindu mythology the pandavas were looking for Lord Shiva for atone from the sins of committing fratricide and Brāhmanahatya during theKurukshetra war. Not wanting to meet pandavas lord Shiva transformed himself into bull. Bhima recognized the bull to be Shiva and caught hold of the bull by its tail and hind legs. But the bull-formed Lord Shiva disappeared into the ground to later reappear in parts, with the hump raising in Kedarnath, the arms appearing in Tungnath, the face showing up at Rudranath, the nabhi (navel) and stomach surfacing in Madhyamaheshwar and the hair appearing in Kalpeshwar.The hump is worshipped in Kedarnath. Pure ghee is applied at Kedarnath lingam as the bull was injured.  

Best time to visit Due to extreme weather conditions, the temple is open to the general public only between the months of April (Akshaya Tritiya) and November (Kartik Purnima, the autumn full moon). During the winters, the vigraha (deity) of the temple is carried down to Ukhimath to be worshipped for the next six months. The temple is not directly accessible by road and has to be reached by a 22 kilometres  uphill trek from Gaurikund. Pony, mule and manchan service is available to reach the temple.

 

8. Kashi Vishwanath:- The Kashi Vishwanath (Vishweshwar) Temple in Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh is home to the Vishwanath Jyotirlinga shrine, which is perhaps the most sacred of Hindu shrines. The temple is situated in Varanasi, the holiest city for Hindus, where a Hindu is expected to make a pilgrimage at least once in his life, and if possible, also pour the remains of cremated ancestors on the River Ganges. The temple stands on the western bank of the holy river Ganges, and is one of the twelve jyotirlingas. In fact, it is a place where Shakti peeta and jyotirlingam are together. It is the holiest of all Shiva temples. The main deity is known by the name Vishwanath or Vishweshwara meaning Ruler of the universe. The temple town, is considered the oldest living city in the world, with 3500 years of documented history, is also called Kashi. It is believed that Varanasi is the first Jyotirlinga to manifest itself.

Legend:-According to the legend, it was at this place that  Lord Shiva manifested as an infinite column of light (Jyotirlinga) in front of Lord Brahma  and Lord Vishnu  when they had an argument about their supremacy. In order to discover the origin of the luminous column, Vishnu took the form of a boar (Varaha) and tracked the column beneath the ground, while Brahma, who assumed the shape of a swan, scoured the heavens in an attempt to locate the apex of the column. However, both of them were unsuccessful in identifying the source of the luminous column. Yet, Brahma deceitfully asserted that he had discovered the summit of the column, while Vishnu humbly admitted his inability to find the starting point of the radiant column. Due to Brahma’s deceit over the discovery of the origin of the luminous column, Shiva penalized him by cutting his fifth head and placing a curse upon him. This curse entailed that Brahma would no longer receive reverence, whereas Vishnu, being truthful, would be equally venerated alongside Shiva and have dedicated temples for eternity.

Hindu scriptures describe Vishweshwara as the sacred deity of Varanasi, holding the position of king over all the other deities as well as over all the inhabitants of the city and the extended circuit of the Panchkoshi, an area (the sacred boundary of Varanasi) spreading over 50 miles.

Best time to visit:- The temple can be visited any time throughout the year. The city is well connected through roads to all the major cities across India. Varanasi is an important and major rail junction. There is direct daily flight connection between Varanasi to all major cities.

9. Rameshwaram:- The Ramanathaswamy Temple located on Rameswaram island in Tamil Nadu is home to the vast Ramalingeswarar Jyotirlinga temple and is revered as the southernmost of the twelve jyotirlinga. Besides being one among twelve jyotirlinga, it is also considered as one of the Char Dham pilgrimage sites.

Legend:-According to legend, the lingam  of the Ramanathaswamy Temple was established and worshipped by Lord Rama before he crossed the bridge called Rama Setu to the island kingdom  Lanka of Demon king Ravana. Another legend says that the Lord Rama,  prayed to Lord Shiva here to absolve any sins that he might have committed during his war against the  Ravana who was a brahmin. To worship Lord Shiva, Rama directed  Hanuman to bring Shivling from Himalayas. Since it took him longer to bring the lingam, Mata Sita built a lingam made of sand from the nearby seashore. It is believed that this Shiva Linga, known as Ramalingam, is now worshipped at the Ramanathaswamy temple. The lingam brought by Hanuman from Kailash is called Vishwalingam. There are 22 Theerthams (holy water bodies) inside the temple where devotees bathe to atone for their sins. There is also an idol of Nandi, which is a massive statue, about 17.5 feet tall.

Best time to visit:-The temple can be visited anytime during the year however the best time to explore Rameswaram is from October to March as the temperature is at its best during this period. One can reach their either by bus as  Rameswaram Bus Station is about 2 km away or by train as Rameswaram Railway Station, about 1 km away. Madurai International Airport, is about 179 km away from Rameshwaram.

10. Tryambakeshwar, The Tryambakeshwar Temple, near Nashik in Maharashtra, is a jyotirlinga shrine associated with the origin of the Godavari River. Tryambakeshwar town is an ancient Hindu Pilgrim centre located at the source of the Godavari River, the longest river in peninsular India. The Godavari River originates near Trimbak. There are three hills surrounding this temple – Brahmagiri, Nilagiri and Kalagiri. Tryambakeshwar is abode of one of the twelve Jyotirlingas

Legend:-It is said that Gautama rishi lived on the Brahmagiri hills along with his wife, Ahalya. While there was famine everywhere else on the land, the rishi’s ashram, was blessed with abundant rain and food grains. The other rishis felt jealous of him and sent a cow into his fields. When Gautama rishi tried to frighten the cow away from his fields, it died. To get free from the sin of killing a cow, Gautama worshipped Lord Shiva and prayed to release the Ganga River and let her flow into his ashram to purify it. Pleased with his devotion, Lord Shiva released Ganga and told her to stay there. The Kushavarta or sacred pond that exists now is the source of the Godavari. (People worship the Godavari as Ganga.) The sage requested Lord Shiva also to make the site his abode, which the Lord did in the form of the jyotirlinga. The extraordinary feature of the Jyotirlinga located here is the Linga in the temple is in the form of a three faced embodying Tridev, Lord Bramha, Lord Vishnu and Lord Shiva.

Best time to visit: The temple can be visited any time throughout the year but the best time to visit is between October to February. Tryambakeshwar Temple is located at a distance of 36 km from Nasik, one of the most prominent cities in Maharashtra. The place is well connected by roads. The nearest city Shirdi is 76 km. The nearest railway station from Tryambakeshwar is Nasik. The nearest major airport to Tryambakeshwar is  Nashik Airport which is approximately 40 kilometers away.

  1. Bhimashankar :-Bhimashankar temple is situated in Bhimashankar village of Maharashtra, where the Bhima river originates. The Bhimashankar forest is known as Dakini Vana. Bhimashankar temple is one of the twelve jyotilinga spread across India The shrine is linked to the legendary asura known as Tripura.

Legend:-Legend goes that pleased with the worship of Demon Tripura,  Brahma granted him three wishes that Tripura will be invulnerable to the gods, devils, yakshas, and gandharvas. His three “puras” would be unbreakable, and he will be able to travel anywhere in the universe. After getting boon from Brahma Tripura embarked on a conquest to subjugate three Loka. Indra was also vanquished. Indra prayed to Lord Shiva to protect them from Tripura. Lord Shiva made a vow to annihilate Tripura. On the peak of the Sahyadri hills, it is said that Shiva assumed the form of “Bhīmā Shankara” at the behest of the gods and killed demon Tripura. The sweat that spilled from his body after the battle is said to have formed the Bhimarathi river.

Best time to visit: The temple can be visited any time throughout the year but the best time to visit is between October to February. The nearest airport is Pune Airport. The nearest railway station is Pune, 120 km away from the temple. Regular buses are available from Pune. Kalyan and Ghatkopar or Kurla.

  1. Grishneshwar, Grishneshwar Jyotirlinga is one of the 12 jyotirlinga shrines mentioned in the Shiva Purana. Grishneshwar is situated near Ellora village, less than a kilometer from UNESCO site Ellora Caves in Chhatrapati Sambhaji Nagar District of Maharashtra

Legend:-  Legend says that there lived a Brahmin named Sudharma with his wife Sudeha. Both of them were living happy life. They had no problems in their life except that they had no children. Sudeha was very keen to have children so she urged Sudharma to remarry her young sister Ghushma. Ghushma was a very humble and virtuous woman. She was an ardent devotee of Shiva. Every day she used to make one hundred and one earthly Shivalinga was and worshiped them with true devotion to the heart. A few months later Ghusma gave birth to child. Both the sisters were happy but lately evil thought took birth in Sudeha’s mind. She thought, I don’t have anything in this house. “She also took control of my husband. The child is also his”. Here the child of Ghushma was also growing up. Slowly he became young. He also got married.

One day Sudeha killed Ghushma’s young son while sleeping at night. She took his body and threw it in the same pond in which Ghushma used to immerse the earthly Shivalingas every day. In the morning, everyone came to know about it. There was chaos in the whole house. But Ghushma remained engrossed in the worship of Shiva as usual as if nothing had happened. After finishing the puja, she set out to release the mortal Shivalingas into the pond. When she started returning from the pond, her son was seen coming out from inside the pond.

Shiva also appeared there and asked Ghushma to ask for a boon. Ghusma requested Shiva to forgive her sister and to stay in this place, for the welfare of the people. Shiva accepted both her wishes. Due to the worship of Ghushma, he became known here as Ghushmeshwar Mahadev.

Best time to visit: The temple can be visited any time throughout the year but the best time to visit is between October to February. Grishneshwar Temple is well-connected by train, and the nearest major railway station is Aurangabad. The approximate distance from Aurangabad Railway Station to Grishneshwar Temple is around 25 kilometers, and one can hire a taxi or take a bus to reach Grishneshwar. The nearest airport to Grishneshwar Temple is Aurangabad Airport which is approximately 24-kilometer.

The information provided in this article is based on the author’s personal visit to all these jyotirlinga  ,information provided by local people and   research from various sources. While efforts have been made to ensure the accuracy of the information, the writer does not claim for the authenticity of the information. The author and publisher are not responsible for any inconvenience incurred while following the information provided in this article.

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